Scientist: Nanoparticles can be useful for agriculture

The use of metal nanoparticles in agriculture helps increase yields and solve environmental problems, said the leading expert of the Center for Structural Ceramic Nanomaterials at MISIS University, Ph.D. Valentin Romanovsky.

He noted that metals are important trace elements for humans, animals, microorganisms and plants. At the same time, according to the scientist, when using them, it is necessary to carefully monitor the dose, taking into account the existing deficiency or excess.

“Substances often have complex effects, and a positive effect on one problem may exacerbate another. Metal oxide nanoparticles in agriculture can be considered as an environmental replacement for highly toxic organic pesticides and herbicides,” Romanovsky said.

He also noted that nanoparticle-based fertilizers also provide plants with essential nutrients, reduce the frequency of soil fertilization and reduce stress on soils. The scientist emphasized that with a deficiency of microelements, the overall susceptibility of plants to diseases increases due to a decrease in plant immunity.

“Nanoparticles help plants synthesize a full range of enzymes that will allow them to use energy, water and nutrients (N, P, K) more efficiently and produce higher yields,” he said.

Romanovsky also pointed out that nanoparticles, which have a bactericidal effect, prevent the growth of unwanted microorganisms.

“For example, positive effects have been noted from the introduction of nano-sized silicon and titanium oxides during seed germination. It is widely known that not only silver, but also zinc and copper oxides and even magnesium oxide have a bactericidal effect. By using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), seed germination increases, shoot length, leaf number increases, and certain biochemical aspects such as photosynthesis are improved,” he said.

According to the scientist, nanoparticles can be harmful; it is a matter of concentration and the form in which the element is located.

“Oxides of iron, zinc and copper can reduce the uptake and translocation of nutrients and hydraulic conductivity of roots, slow down root growth, reduce chlorophyll content, disrupt the balance of nutrients in shoots, etc. In addition, nano-sized particles of metals and metal oxides can have toxic effects on soil microorganisms.”

Romanovsky noted that to ensure safety, it is necessary to know the migration routes of nanoparticles in plants and conduct large-scale research. Along with the positive effect on increasing productivity, it is necessary to ensure safety when consuming plants and fruits for food by animals or humans.

At the same time, according to the scientist, the study of nanoparticles from an agricultural point of view has great prospects.

“First of all, this is the search for materials with a balanced complex effect, the development of the most environmentally friendly methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles and the analysis of the effects of metal oxides on plants,” he said.

The scientist also emphasized that effectiveness and benefit always depend on the specific properties and intended use.

“The main thing is to determine the optimal dosage so as not to harm the plants or the environment,” Romanovsky said.