Nobel Prize in Physics awarded for research in quantum mechanics
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The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger. They are honored for “entangled photon experiments, detection of violations of Bell’s inequality” and for pioneering quantum informatics. Their research “paved the way for new technologies” based on quantum mechanics, the committee explained.
Bell’s theorem proves that regardless of the presence of hidden parameters that affect the physical characteristics of a quantum particle, it is possible to conduct a serial experiment whose statistical results will confirm or disprove the presence of such hidden parameters in quantum mechanical theory.
AT press release The Nobel Committee says that all three scientists have conducted experiments with quantum entanglement (when two particles behave as one even when they are separated). “One of the main factors is how quantum mechanics allows two or more particles to exist in a state of so-called entanglement. What happens to one of the particles in such a pair determines what happens to the other particle, even if they are far apart,” the experts explained.
John Clauser, in particular, created a device that simultaneously launches two “entangled” photons (a particle that can only exist by moving at the speed of light). As a result, it was possible to prove the violation of Bell’s inequality. Alain Aspect managed to refine this device so that its initial settings do not affect the final result. Anton Zeilinger studied states of quantum entanglement. His research team was able to demonstrate a phenomenon called quantum teleportation, which allows a quantum state to be moved from one particle to another over a distance.
The Nobel Committee emphasized that the foundations of quantum mechanics are “not just a theoretical or philosophical question.” “Currently, research and development is actively being carried out aimed at using the special properties of individual particle systems to create quantum computers, adjust measurements, create quantum networks and establish secure communications with quantum encryption,” the committee said.
2021 Nobel Prize winners become Shukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselman and Giorgio Parisi. They received the award for “groundbreaking contributions to the understanding of complex physical systems”. Scientists explored Earth climate modeling and global warming.
Details – in the material “Kommersant-Science” “Climate and Beyond”.
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