The end of “object 260”: Stalin’s secret dacha worth hundreds of millions is up for auction

In the Moscow region, one of the most secret former attractions of the region – Stalin’s country dacha “Lipki-Alekseevskoe” – is up for sale. The other day it was announced that the starting price of the lot, with which the auction will begin, was set at 403 million rubles.

Some experts suggest that the final price of Lipok may well reach a billion. The auction winner will receive a two-story mansion with nine rooms with a total area of ​​almost 400 square meters. meters and an adjacent forest park area of ​​about 38 hectares. In addition to the main house, several decorative park structures have been preserved on the territory – a bridge-dam across the Devkin Stream, a gazebo… However, all the buildings are in a very neglected state. So the new billionaire owner will have to fork out quite a bit for repairs. At the same time, as experts in the field of real estate explain, supervisory authorities will not allow him to be willful. After all, the former Stalinist dacha is a historical object and therefore it is impossible to rebuild the building or carry out redevelopment there.

In total, historians have counted that at different times Joseph Vissarionovich used almost one and a half dozen country residences located on the territory of present-day Moscow, in the Moscow region, on the Black Sea coast, in the Caucasus…

“Lipki-Alekseevskoye” is geographically one of the Stalinist dachas closest to the Kremlin. Here the “father of nations” lived in nature on short visits from 1932 to 1934.

This is the second personal state dacha of the Soviet leader. He received the first – Zubalovo – ten years earlier, when he was elected General Secretary of the CPSU (b). However, it was a long way from there to the center of Moscow – 14 kilometers, and there was no direct road suitable for government motorcades. Therefore, at the turn of the 1930s, a decision was made to build a new, conveniently located dacha for the “owner”. The location was chosen by Stalin himself, not far from Kuntsevo (later these territories became part of the capital). In the meantime, while design and construction were going on, Joseph Vissarionovich and his family moved from Zubalovo to the near Moscow region. He approved “Lipki” for this purpose at the insistence of his wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, who liked the former landowner’s estate north of Pervoprestolnaya, not far from the village of Veshki and the village of Nagornoye (the current Moscow Ring Road is less than two kilometers from here). The second wife of the leader eventually became the main manager in the refurbishment of the main house for the residence of the leader of the USSR.

“Both in Lipki and in Semenovsky (where Stalin’s so-called “distant” dacha was located. – A.D.) everything was arranged in the same order as at my father’s dacha in Kuntsevo – the rooms were furnished in the same way (with the same furniture) , the same bushes and flowers were planted near the house…” recalled many years later the leader’s daughter, Svetlana Alliluyeva, in her book “Twenty Letters to a Friend.”

Over the next few decades, information about the Stalinist state dacha was classified (in the documents of special agencies it was listed as “object 260”), and access to these places was closed. The huge territory was isolated from outsiders by several rows of barriers, including wooden and metal fences, and rows of barbed wire. This perimeter was carefully controlled by employees of special units, first of the NKVD, later of the MGB, and then of the KGB. However, already in post-Soviet times, meticulous trackers of history were able to discover some details about the special object.

For example, there is information that when adapting the estate “for Stalin,” they managed to build an underground bunker here in a short time.

“Lipki has a rich history,” local historian Sergei Popovskikh told MK. — In the 50s–80s of the 19th century, the estate was owned by a representative of the famous Russian family of industrialists, Alexander Alekseev (hence the second half of its name). He was the uncle of the world famous theater director Konstantin Stanislavsky and was the father of the famous Moscow mayor Nikolai Alekseev.

At the end of the century before last, Alekseev sold the estate to entrepreneur and philanthropist Moritz Filippovich Mark, and in 1905 he presented “Lipki” as a wedding gift to his daughter Fanny. It was under this lady’s husband, who took the farm into his own hands, a representative of the merchant dynasty Alfred Alexandrovich Ruperti, that the appearance of the estate changed greatly. The main house, connected by galleries with two wings, was built in 1906–1907 by the famous architect Ivan Zholtovsky, an ardent admirer of neoclassicism – the so-called Palladian style in architecture. Later, the same Zholtovsky (he was in the honor of the Soviet leaders) was tasked with refurbishment of the building in accordance with the wishes of the new “supreme” owners.

And, apparently, a lot had to be re-equipped. After all, as the daughter of Fanny and Alfred Ruperti Maria recalled, “… the house certainly made an impression. But Zholtovsky obviously did not think that people would live in it. Inside the house, much was absurd; it was difficult and inconvenient for the mistress and servants. Maintaining the house was difficult. The kitchen was located in one of the wings, very far from the dining room… Our “children’s” rooms on the second floor were small, with small windows almost to the ceiling, which did not give them any comfort…”

After the revolution, the estate was nationalized (before that, residents of the surrounding villages managed to thoroughly plunder it). The former mansions of the landowners were transferred to new Soviet social institutions, but they realized that the place here was very “trump”, and therefore “Lipki” migrated under the wing of the Kremlin economic administration and received the status of a state dacha.

In 1934, the new “nearby” dacha in Kuntsevo was completely ready, and Stalin moved to live there. The residence abandoned by the “owner,” however, was not empty. Representatives of the Kremlin party elite lived here at times. And besides, high-ranking guests were accommodated in such a prestigious and quiet place: Chinese leader Mao Tse Tung, Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh, and French communist leader Maurice Thorez lived under the roof of the Palladian palace in Lipki during their visits to the USSR.

The last person to inhabit this estate and dacha complex was Lev Zaikov, a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, 1st Secretary of the Moscow City Party Committee.

At the end of the Soviet Union, in 1989, “Lipki” was “demoted” from government government dachas and transferred to the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology to organize a rehabilitation center for children with serious illnesses. And when this medical organization left this territory in 2004, the entire estate complex turned out to be virtually ownerless and began to inevitably fall into decay and collapse.

If the now announced sale of the former “object 260” takes place and a zealous owner appears at the old estate associated with the name of Stalin himself, there is hope that this historical and architectural landmark will finally be restored after almost 20 years in oblivion.

However, the inevitable status of private property in this case hardly gives inquisitive citizens the chance to ever see with their own eyes the beauty of the former Stalinist state dacha.