economic transformation and sanctions did not lead to a drop in enterprises’ costs for innovation
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Economic transformation and sanctions have not led to a drop in enterprises’ costs for innovation, as calculated by the Institute of Economic Research and Economics of Knowledge (ISSEK) of the National Research University Higher School of Economics based on data from Rosstat. In 2022, such investments amounted to 2.7 trillion rubles, an increase of 12.5% compared to 2021, however, in constant prices taking into account inflation, the figure did not change. Experts note that domestic innovations last year were supported by the departure of Western companies, the need for import substitution and government support measures.
ISSEK analyzed Rosstat data on the innovative activities of organizations in 2022. The general conclusion of the experts: in the context of sanctions and structural transformation of the economy, companies, having adapted to new realities, continued to invest in innovation to achieve their long-term goals.
Organizations’ expenses on innovation activities in 2022 amounted to 2.7 trillion rubles. (in 2021 – 2.4 trillion rubles). Taking into account inflation, therefore, the figure has not changed. Measures of state support for manufacturers and users of domestic software contributed to an increase in costs for the development and acquisition of programs and databases by 98%. Costs increased most of all in industries from which foreign companies were leaving. Thus, in the production of paper the figure increased by 46.5%, chemicals and products – by 42.5%, furniture – by 33.2%, textile products – by 28.1%. Growth was also recorded in areas that received state support: in agriculture (by 26.7%), in telecommunications and IT (by 16.2%).
The intensity of costs for innovation activities (their share in total sales) remained virtually unchanged in 2022 (2.1% versus 2% in 2021). The volume of innovative products produced in 2022 amounted to 6.4 trillion rubles. (versus 6 trillion rubles), in constant prices the figure decreased by 8%. The top three here are agriculture (plus 60.1%), metallurgy (plus 41.4%) and transportation and storage (plus 31%). In the total sales volume of organizations, the share of innovative products is still low – 5.1% (in 2021 – 5%).
Alexey Poroshin, a member of the General Council of Business Russia and General Director of First Group JSC, notes a large number of competitions, grants, and hackathons aimed at developing innovative activities. He recalled that the state introduced grant support for high-tech businesses and legally defined the term “high-tech business” – all this contributes to the development of high-tech. “To speed up the introduction of domestic technologies to the market, it is necessary to correctly configure the ecosystem and tools that allow reducing transaction costs for searching and creating a new product,” believes Evgeniy Elfimov, founder of the Inventorus company. One of the key drivers here could be professional technology intermediaries (brokers).
Executive Director of Opora Russia Andrei Shubin notes that, “on the one hand, we can say that an incentive has been given to the market, which is why there has been growth in a number of industries, on the other hand, insufficient attention is still paid to innovation activities.” In his opinion, the work of the Innovation Promotion Fund alone is not enough; the global task is the emergence of an innovation strategy that should cover all sectors.
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