10 years of integration – Kommersant
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On March 18, 2014, the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol became part of Russia. Kommersant collected statistical data on changes in life on the peninsula.
Treasury revenues
From 2014 to 2022, the gross regional product (GRP) of Crimea increased 3.5 times – from 189.4 billion to 655.9 billion rubles. ($9.32 billion), and Sevastopol – 7.5 times, from 30.1 billion to 229.7 billion rubles. ($3.26 billion). The republic rose from 62nd to 48th place in the list of subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of GRP, now it is comparable to the indicators of the Kursk and Tver regions. Sevastopol started from the last, 85th place. In 2015, the city surpassed Altai, JAO and Tuva in GRP, in 2017 – Ingushetia, Chukotka, Kalmykia and Karachay-Cherkessia, and in 2022 – Adygea and North Ossetia, taking 76th place. For comparison: in 2013, the GRP of Crimea was about $4.3 billion.
The consolidated budget of Crimea from 2015 to 2023 increased almost 3.5 times – from 95.8 billion to 322 billion rubles. Five times during this time it was performed with a deficit. The highest was recorded in 2016, when expenses exceeded income by 14.5 billion rubles. The 2020 budget became the most surplus (RUB 1.4 billion). The structure of the republican treasury throughout the entire period within the Russian Federation remains unchanged: on average, two-thirds of income comes from gratuitous receipts.
The revenue portion of Sevastopol’s main financial document increased even more – fourfold, from 21.2 billion to 84.7 billion rubles. At the same time, it was executed with a deficit as often as the Crimean budget.
According to the Ministry of Finance of Crimea, the largest taxpayers of the republic (accounting for 14.4% of budget revenues) are Krymenergo, Crimean Railway, K-Telecom (Win Mobile), Simferopol Airport, SSK Gazregion, Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky, beer and soft drink plant “Crimea”, production and agricultural association “Massandra”, wine and cognac factories “Bakhchisarai” and CD “Koktebel”.
People’s income
The average monthly salary in Crimea from 2015 to 2023 increased in nominal terms by 109% – from 22.4 thousand to 46.8 thousand rubles. Wherein relative to the all-Russian level, it fell – from 65.9% to 63.5% of the average salary in the Russian Federation (in 2019 it reached 68.4%). In Sevastopol, the average monthly salary increased by 118% (from 21.8 thousand to 47.7 thousand rubles), but in comparison with the all-Russian indicator it remained almost unchanged – 64.6% of the average salary in the Russian Federation (in 2018 it reached 72 ,8%). Among all regions, according to this indicator, Crimea dropped from 64th place to 71st, and Sevastopol rose from 71st to 67th. From this point of view, the most successful year for the residents of the peninsula was 2019, when the republic was in 58th place and the city in 46th.
According to the latest data from Krymstat, financiers and insurers receive the highest salaries on the peninsula (on average 101.3 thousand rubles per month in the republic and 86.5 thousand rubles in the city). In Crimea, the least pay is in clothing production (19.1 thousand rubles), and in Sevastopol – in the printing industry (16.5 thousand rubles).
The average salary in Ukraine, according to the state statistics service, from 2014 to 2023 increased from 3.5 thousand to 17.4 thousand hryvnia, at the weighted average dollar exchange rate – from $292 to $477. Immediately after joining the Russian Federation, in March 2014, the average salary in Crimea was 11.5 thousand rubles, or $316 at the Central Bank exchange rate. From 2015 to 2023, the average salary in the republic at the weighted average dollar exchange rate increased from $368 to $549 respectively.
The average pension in Crimea over the same period in nominal terms increased by one and a half times – from 11.1 thousand rubles. up to 16.7 thousand rubles. However relative to the all-Russian level, Crimean pensioners received less and less every year. So, if in 2015 their pension exceeded the average in the Russian Federation by 2.4%, then in 2023 it was already 12.7% less. A similar picture was observed in Sevastopol, where in nominal terms the pension increased from 12.3 thousand to 18.3 thousand rubles. (+48.8%), but relative to the Russian average it fell from 113% to 94.7%. Among all subjects, the republic dropped from 59th place in 2017 to 77th in 2023, and the city – from 24th to 53rd.
The average pension in Ukraine, according to the state statistics service, from 2014 to 2023 increased from 1.5 thousand to 5.4 thousand hryvnia, at the weighted average dollar exchange rate – from $128 to $147. Immediately after the annexation, in March 2014, the average pension in Crimea was 5.3 thousand rubles, or $146 at the Central Bank exchange rate. From 2015 to 2023, the average pension in the republic at the weighted average dollar exchange rate increased from $183 to $198 respectively.
Food, wine and other production
After joining the Russian Federation The peninsula has seriously increased its wine production: from 2.4 million decaliters in 2014 to 10.9 million decaliters in 2022 (every fifth bottle during this time was bottled at enterprises in Sevastopol). At the same time, the share of Crimean wines in the total production volume in the Russian Federation increased. If in 2014 they accounted for only 3.3%, then in 2023 – already 16.7%. For comparison: wineries in the Krasnodar region account for 35.6%.
The size of the acreage used to grow basic crops has decreased noticeably after Ukraine blocked the North Crimean Canal. If in 2013 it reached 754.6 thousand hectares, then in 2015 it was only 711 thousand hectares. Subsequently, the farmers managed to return to the indicators of Ukrainian times, and after the channel was unblocked in 2022, they significantly surpassed them.
Cereal production increased the most from 2013 to 2023: immediately by 267%. Significant growth was demonstrated by fruit trees (+164% as of 2022), as well as grapes (+138%). In turn, the production of potatoes (-81% for 2023), vegetables (-59%), eggs (-40%), milk (-37%), meat (-35%) and sunflowers (-29%) decreased. .
The volume of shipped goods of own production in the mining industry of Crimea for the period from 2015 to 2022 increased in nominal terms by a quarter – from 7.3 billion rubles. to 9.1 billion rubles, in manufacturing – almost three times (from 44.4 billion rubles to 125.9 billion rubles), in the energy sector – also almost three times (from 22.7 billion to 65.7 billion rub.). True, in 2023, shipments of minerals and energy resources fell seriously – to 6.1 and 57.6 billion rubles. respectively. At the same time, growth continued in the manufacturing industry (RUB 136.1 billion). According to the head of Crimea, Sergei Aksenov, from 2014 to 2022, the volume of production in shipbuilding increased 4.4 times.
Locals
According to the Federal State Statistics Service, the population of the Republic of Crimea grew until 2020, increasing by 47 thousand people. From 2021 to 2023 it decreased by 21.8 thousand people. Sevastopol’s population has always shown stable growth. In 2022, the city took first place in terms of growth over three years – by 78.8 thousand people. Rosstat linked the growth to the migration influx. As of January 1, 2023, 558 thousand people lived in Sevastopol.
According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine as of November 2013, the ethnic composition of Crimea was dominated by Russians (58.5%), Ukrainians (24.3%), and Crimean Tatars (12.1%). The All-Russian Population Census conducted in 2021 recorded the following breakdown: Russians (72.9%), Crimean Tatars (14%), Ukrainians (8.2%).
Tourists
Over ten years, over 60 million people visited the peninsula; since 2014, more than 70 accommodation facilities have been built. 2021 was a record year for the number of tourists (9.4 million). After the start of the SVO, the number of tourists decreased by almost half. In the summer of 2023, Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin announced state support for the tourism industry of Crimea in the amount of 2.7 billion rubles.
Rail transport, which accounted for 66% of the total tourist flow to Crimea in 2013, ceased to be a means of delivering tourists in 2014, when Ukraine interrupted communications with the peninsula. After Crimea joined the Russian Federation, the Kerch ferry crossing became the main transport corridor connecting the peninsula with the mainland of the country. In 2018, the Crimean Bridge was opened, connecting the Kerch and Taman peninsulas. The total cost of construction of the bridge amounted to more than 220 billion rubles. Since the launch of traffic on the Crimean Bridge, 26 million vehicles have passed in both directions, of which 21.8 million are cars, about 300 thousand are buses.
The level of motorization in Sevastopol exceeds that of Crimea, but still falls short of the all-Russian indicators. At the same time, Sevastopol reached its maximum level of motorization in 2019, after which the decline began.
Ten years on the peninsula 300 km of new roads were built, More than 4 thousand km were repaired. For the first time since Soviet times, a comprehensive repair of the covering of bridge structures was carried out. 430 billion rubles were allocated for the development of the transport and road industry from 2015 to 2023, including 84.8 billion rubles. — in 2023.
Housing and light
From 2014 to 2023, more than 7.1 million square meters were put into operation in Crimea. m of housing. Maximum construction volumes were achieved in 2022 and 2023 (927 thousand and more than 1 million square meters, respectively). In 2023, apartments in new buildings have become more expensive over the year by 17.6%, and demand increased by 34.6%.
Electricity prices in Crimea are still lower than those in the Krasnodar Territory, however The level of electricity generation in Crimea does not yet allow it to cover the needs of the peninsula.
However, in 2023 the historical maximum energy consumption since 1991 was set: 1663 MW.
Crime
On average, 28 thousand crimes are registered per year in Crimea and Sevastopol. Over ten years, this figure has changed little. The most crimes were registered in 2015 (36.1 thousand), the least in 2019 (25.2 thousand).
The most pressing criminal threats for the region are the economic sphere and the sphere of drug trafficking. In addition, in 2022, Secretary of the Russian Security Council Nikolai Patrushev statedthat the level of extremist crime in Crimea has tripled.
Power
The number of officials on the peninsula has consistently grown – from 20.4 thousand people in 2013 to 33.4 thousand in 2019 (+63.4%) and 36.1 thousand in 2022 (+77.2% ). Accordingly, if Before Crimea and Sevastopol became part of the Russian Federation, one official served 115 residents, in 2019 – 71, then in 2022 – already 67.
Since the entry of Crimea and Sevastopol into the Russian Federation, President Vladimir Putin, according to Kommersant’s calculations, visited the peninsula 24 times. Most often – 11 times – he took part in celebrations, launched infrastructure facilities or inspected those under construction; 8 times the head of state held meetings, including meetings of the Presidium of the State Council; He visited Crimea another 5 times for cultural and entertainment purposes: he toured the peninsula together with ex-Prime Minister of Italy Silvio Berlusconi, visited Artek, the Koktebel Jazz Part and Opera in Chersonesos festivals, as well as the Shadow of Babylon bike show. For comparison: Vladimir Putin visited Chukotka only once – in January 2024.
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