Rosstat named the regions with the highest proportion of divorces
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Rosstat ranked the regions by the frequency of divorces. The highest level of termination was recorded in the republics of the Caucasus.
In the Republic of Ingushetia in 2022, there were 2,542 divorces per 1,000 marriages, according to Rosstat data. This is the highest figure in the country. Also, per 1000 registered unions, a large number of terminations are recorded in Chechnya (2069), Dagestan (1967), Karachay-Cherkessia (1520) and North Ossetia-Alania (1390). In the country as a whole, 1.05 million couples got married last year and 682,850 separated – an increase by 2021 was 12.4 and 5.7%, respectively.
For the year, unions broke up the least in Tuva (452 per 100 marriages), St. Petersburg (462), Moscow (468), Chukotka (511) and Tatarstan (522), Rosstat recorded.
At the same time, almost a quarter – 23% of all babies born last year – were born to women who were not married. In total, 1.3 million children were born in Russia. In percentage terms, by 2021, this indicator has increased by 1 percentage point.
Unobvious Reasons for Divorce
The share of the increase in births out of a registered marriage is a side effect of targeted need-based benefits, demographer Aleksey Raksha believes. For the sake of receiving them, people often get divorced (assistance is assigned based on family income), while continuing to cohabit.
“This is especially noticeable in the Caucasus, where there are a lot of divorces and very few marriages. In predominantly Muslim republics, where religious marriage is more important than civil marriage,” he added. At the same time, Ingushetia and Chechnya have the highest birth rate in the country, the expert specified, “this completely contradicts the unheard-of divorce rate in the last three years.”
From April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023, the birth rate in the Chechen Republic alone was 2.6, Raksha calculated based on Rosstat data. In Dagestan – 1.8, in Ingushetia – 1.7. For comparison, the overall figure for Russia was at the level of 1.4. “Russia is a country that has set the condition for receiving benefits to be “loneliness” of mothers. Therefore, in the Caucasus, many began to urgently fictitiously divorce, while others stopped registering marriages in the registry office, ”he explained. The demographer believes that given the fictitiousness of divorces and unregistered marriages, this does not have a significant impact on the birth rate. Potentially, people who do not formalize their union disperse more easily, but this will affect the overall picture very little, he says.
According to the Associate Professor of the Department of Statistics of the Russian University of Economics. G. V. Plekhanov Olga Lebedinskaya, “the very institution of the family is changing” – if earlier society disapproved of women who gave birth to a child outside the family, now this is perceived more calmly. “Many studies show that the higher the level of education of women in a country, the lower the birth rate. Women may be afraid of potential social deprivations (restrictions. – Vedomosti) associated with the birth of children. This is a decrease in the ability to work, and a decrease in family mobility, living standards, and a change in intraday timing,” the expert said. She clarified that in order to overcome these fears, it is necessary to support the involvement of women in public life, for example, through the expansion of opportunities for remote simple work, the formation of free support groups, and communication forums.
Vice-Rector of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Alexander Safonov, in turn, believes that it is first of all necessary to resolve issues of citizens’ incomes. Today, the birth of children is associated with colossal expenses, so even if the first child is born out of wedlock, then due to the costs of raising and ensuring the life of the baby, the appearance of a second child is unlikely. Citizens must be sure that they will be able to provide for children, and this is possible only with a stable high income and a developed free social infrastructure (kindergartens, clubs, hospitals). “The state cannot buy a child for welfare,” he said, meaning that the payment is not a weighty argument in the reproductive issue.
The real disposable income of the population (net of inflation and mandatory payments) increased by 0.1% in the first quarter of this year compared to the same period in 2022, Rosstat said earlier. At the same time, annual inflation in the first quarter (as of the end of March) slowed down to 3.51%, which is the lowest level since July 2020.
Earlier, on June 21, the Ministry of Labor prepared amendments to allow saving insurance payments for child care up to 1.5 years for mothers who went to work ahead of schedule. Draft amendments to the laws “On state benefits to citizens with children” and “On compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with motherhood” are posted on the portal of regulatory legal acts for public discussion. The rule is expected to come into force on January 1, 2024.
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