Personnel shortage changes the rules – Kommersant FM
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International competition for migrants is growing. In recent years, not only Russia, but also China, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and the European Union have been trying to attract labor resources from the CIS. Marina Khramova, head of the Institute of Demographic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, told RBC about this. Most often, citizens of Uzbekistan are looking for alternative directions for migration.
The director of the institute noted that in Russia there is a growing trend towards an increase in the number of visitors from Africa. Thus, an agreement was concluded with Kenya on the arrival of 10 thousand workers. Migrants from the CIS in other markets can now be offered better working conditions, Yulia Florinskaya, a leading researcher at RANEPA, told Kommersant FM:
“In the first place are economic reasons, mainly wages. The second one, of course, is migration conditions and rules. I know that Uzbekistan concludes an agreement with South Korea to provide migrants with work and living conditions, therefore these people are provided with some kind of rights and so on. Salaries there are objectively higher; at the current dollar exchange rate, you can earn 1.5 times more there. It is known that in China the average salary is higher than in Russia, which means that it is the same for migrants.
The main area of work for migrants has always been construction, although it has lost a lot in recent years, because the work is hard and not as paid as we would like. Therefore, many are turning to services, primarily delivery and taxis.
Labor migration was often seasonal, from spring to autumn, for example. There are also those who, remaining labor migrants, almost never travel, relatively speaking, only on vacation. Tajikistan came out on top in terms of migration growth, that is, most people from there stay here and receive long-term status. Of course, this does not mean that they will live in Russia forever.”
Citizens of Kyrgyzstan choose European countries as an alternative labor migration. Those who move are mainly those who do not live permanently in Russia and work seasonally. The head of the public organization “Kyrgyz Unity” Abdygany Shakirov told Kommersant FM about this: “From 20% to 30% of the migrants who were in Russia went to Europe, including the UK and Asian countries, China and South Korea.
Nowadays, fewer people come to us regarding employment and finding housing. Now almost everyone has fellow villagers, acquaintances or relatives who have been working and living in Russia for many years; they turn to them, and this is right, because from them they receive reliable information.”
According to the Main Directorate for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in 2023, more than 80 thousand work permits were issued to foreigners, which is 30% more than in 2022. But it became more difficult to come to Russia by invitation; over the same period, cases of refusal almost doubled, and over 5 thousand migrants were unable to enter the country. At the same time, more than 70 thousand foreign citizens were deported from Russia last year due to violations of migration rules, it follows from the department’s data.
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