Disability with variations – Newspaper Kommersant No. 215 (7416) dated 11/21/2022
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From 2023, the self-employed in the Russian Federation will be able to take part in the state system of voluntary social insurance for temporary disability. Upon payment of a contribution of 3.84% of the amount of insured earnings (two or three times the minimum wage), they will be able to claim sick leave in case of illness – their own or a family member. At the same time, the length of service, on which the amount of sick leave will depend, will be considered not only the period of registration as a self-employed person, but also the period of hired work.
The Ministry of Labor has prepared amendments to the federal law “On compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with motherhood” (Kommersant has it) – they give the self-employed the opportunity to voluntarily pay contributions to receive sick leave payments to the budget of the State Social Fund.
Recall that since 2019 in the Russian Federation there is a tax on professional income for self-employed workers (the ceiling of earnings is 2.4 million rubles per year, the rate is 4% for individuals and 6% for individual entrepreneurs and legal entities). According to the Federal Tax Service, at the end of October, the number of self-employed people registered in the country reached 6 million people. As Kommersant already wrote earlier, in the eyes of citizens, the lack of sick leave payments was one of the main shortcomings of the new tax regime. Pension insurance, we note, is already available to them on a voluntary basis, and payments for pregnancy and childbirth are not tied to labor status.
As follows from the draft federal law, the Ministry of Labor will give the self-employed the opportunity to choose the income to be insured – the base from which they will pay contributions. It can amount to two or three minimum wages, that is, 32.4 thousand rubles. or 48.7 thousand rubles. per month. In the first case, the monthly premium will be 1.2 thousand rubles, in the second – 1.8 thousand rubles, or 3.84% of the insured earnings. Note that in the original draft of a new type of insurance, there was no such choice – the self-employed could insure their income only within two minimum wages (for more details, see Kommersant of September 29). As a source in the Ministry of Labor explained to Kommersant, a wider range of earnings corresponds better to the actual picture of the income of the self-employed. “The average earnings of the self-employed in the country is about 40 thousand rubles, but it is obvious that in Moscow this amount will be higher, and in the regions less.
Therefore, it was decided to give two options so that the self-employed have the opportunity to choose an amount that is more relevant to their income and provide themselves with compensation comparable to their usual level of income,” he said. According to a Kommersant source in the department, if the new type of insurance is in demand, then in the future the range of its tariffs may become even wider.
The amount of payment for sick leave, which is provided for by the new type of insurance, will depend on the length of service of the payer and the period of payment of contributions. Not only the period of self-employment, but also the time at which the insured person paid contributions to compulsory social insurance as an employee will be counted towards the length of service. So, in the first year, with the payment of contributions from six to twelve months and a work experience of more than eight years, 100% of the insured amount of earnings (two or three minimum wages) will be paid on sick leave with a coefficient of 0.7, with an experience of five to eight years – 80% , with experience up to five years – 60%. After payment of contributions for a full year, the amounts will rise to 100%. The insured will be able to avoid paying insurance premiums during periods of temporary disability, as well as “skip” one monthly payment every six months of continuous payments. Also, if a self-employed person, paying contributions, does not take sick leave for a certain time, he will be able to receive a “discount”. If this period is one and a half years, then the reduction coefficient for contributions will be 0.9%, more than two years – 0.7%.
When will the self-employed get paid sick leave?
As follows from the draft amendments of the Ministry of Labor, the number of insured events will include ten life situations in which it will be possible to “go” on a voluntary sick leave for the self-employed – in particular, this is a disease or injury, an abortion or an in vitro fertilization procedure, caring for a sick family member, including child, prosthetics, treatment in sanatorium organizations after inpatient treatment, quarantine of the insured, his preschool child under the age of seven or an incapacitated family member. In the first two cases, the benefit will be paid for the entire period of illness or recovery, sick leave for caring for a child under seven years old will be paid up to 60 calendar days a year (for a child from seven to fifteen years old – 45 days).
It is obviously not yet possible to estimate how much the new type of insurance will be in demand. On the one hand, the number of self-employed in the Russian Federation continues to grow, and among them, a new way of acquiring sick leave may be needed by 1.5–2 million people. At the same time, the level of distrust in state products in the field of social insurance may turn out to be quite high – due, for example, to the earlier increase in the retirement age and the freezing of the state funded pension system. However, regardless of the scope, the emergence in the Russian Federation of a new type of state voluntary insurance for workers is one of the largest changes that the Ministry of Labor initiates as part of the creation of a new version of the federal law “On Employment of the Population”, which regulates the basic principles of the functioning of the Russian labor market.
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