Fulfilled – off the sheet – Newspaper Kommersant No. 56 (7501) dated 04/01/2023
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The Bank of Russia noted a change in the trend in the area of illegal cashing out through banks. The fight against the use of writ of execution resulted in a 2.5-fold reduction in the volume of relevant transactions, but the volume of illegal cashing out through cards and accounts of individuals doubled. The overall reduction in the volume of questionable transactions in the banking system was affected by the introduction of the Know Your Customer (KYC) platform, the Central Bank is sure.
According to according to the Bank of Russia, published on Friday, March 31, last year the volume of suspicious transactions in the banking sector decreased by 4.8% compared to 2021 and returned to 100 billion rubles. According to the regulator, the implementation of the Know Your Customer platform played a significant role in the decline. In particular, as the Central Bank points out, in the second half of 2022 (after the introduction of the KYC platform), compared to the same period of the previous year, the volume of suspicious cash transactions in all sectors of the economy decreased by 7%.
“Know your client” is the platform of the Central Bank, which distributes all Russian legal entities and individual entrepreneurs by risk levels. The service works on the principle of a traffic light. The green indicator is assigned to trustworthy clients, the yellow indicator is assigned to those who have disturbing factors in their activity, the red indicator is assigned to clients who carry out illegal operations. According to the regulator, about 99% of companies belong to the “green” group, 0.3% – to the “yellow” group, 0.7% – to the “red” group.
Of the 100 billion rubles. suspicious transactions, 64 billion rubles, according to the Central Bank, fell on illegal cashing out of funds through banks, the volume of which turned out to be slightly higher than in 2021. “In the structure of cashing out, a significant decrease (by 2.5 times) in the volume of suspicious transactions on executive documents was recorded against the background of an increase in the volume of cashing out on bank cards and accounts of individuals and individual entrepreneurs (almost twice),” the Central Bank notes.
The change in the trend in cashing out through banks was quite expected, experts point out.
Writs of execution were a very convenient tool for cashing out, as they were historically poorly controlled in terms of tax evasion and money laundering, explains Viktor Dostov, head of the Association of Electronic Money Market Participants and Money Transfers. According to Yury Belikov, Managing Director for Validation of the Expert RA Agency, cashing out according to executive documents was the trend of 2021.
“The most common scheme was the use of executive inscriptions of notaries. In response, initiatives followed to increase the powers of notaries to verify the reality of transactions certified by executive inscriptions, on the one hand, and to tighten the responsibility of notaries for being involved in cashing out, on the other, ”he points out. The scheme with the use of writ of execution received wide publicity, reminds independent expert Olga Ulyanova. Alexei Voylukov, Vice President of the Association of Banks of Russia, clarifies that a decrease in the share of cashing out using writ of execution was inevitable after the “Moldovan scheme” was revealed (see. “Kommersant” dated March 11, 2021), through which hundreds of billions of rubles passed.
The “Moldovan scheme” implied the conclusion of a loan agreement between two foreign companies, which no one was going to fulfill, and the guarantors under it were citizens of Moldova and Russian firms. After a deliberate delay in the loan, the lender applied to the Moldovan court, after his decision, the bailiffs entered the case with writ of execution. As a result, the funds of the companies were seized and transferred to the plaintiffs – foreign companies controlled by criminals.
Illegal cashing through individuals is the most difficult to detect (too large variety of transactions, it is difficult to reliably identify signs of dubiousness, insufficiently centralized information), and the population, in the face of a decrease in real disposable income, is more easily involved in various schemes, counting on additional income. Alexey Voylukov also draws attention to the fact that these statistics can be increased by the amounts that are stolen from citizens with the help of social engineering and withdrawn through dropper cards.
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