Retirement age in Russia 2023: years of birth

In Russia, a reform of the pension system is being carried out, within the framework of which the age threshold for the appointment of old-age payments is changed. What you need to know in order to go on a legal vacation on time, who has the right to do it ahead of schedule, how to buy the missing experience or increase the individual pension coefficient – in the material “Kommersant”.

What is pension reform

Amendments to the legislation on pension provision were accepted in 2018, the reform itself started on January 1, 2019. The amendments provide that the age of entitlement to a pension is increased by 5 years simultaneously for men and women. In the first case – from 60 to 65 years old, in the second – from 55 to 60 years. A decade has been allotted for a smooth transition by the reform.

In 2028, the final increase will affect citizens born in 1963 (men) and 1968 (women). In addition to age requirements, the changes affect the rate of seniority and the value of the individual pension coefficient (IPK), but do not apply to pension payments for persons with disabilities.

According to the Social Fund, at the beginning of 2023 on pension account were 41.78 million citizens. During the year, the indicator decreased by 0.6%, or 232 thousand people. The number of recipients of payments has been falling for the fourth year in a row, although before that it had grown for six years (from 40.6 million in 2013 to 43.9 million in 2019).

Due to the peculiarities of the reform, 2023 will be one of three periods when, under generally established conditions, no one will have the right to retire for a well-deserved retirement (with the exception of those who can leave early). A similar situation will repeat itself in 2025 and 2027.

How to retire: conditions

An old-age insurance pension is assigned to a citizen if he meets three criteria:

• reached a certain age;
• has the necessary insurance experience;
• has sufficient IPC (so-called pension points).

In accordance with the reform, the last two mandatory components will be increased. In 2024, they will reach a maximum of 15 years and 30 points, respectively.

Citizens whose experience does not meet at least one of the conditions – for example, they do not have enough experience or lack points, they can register and get already social benefit, but five years later generally established retirement age.

How is the pension formed?

The size of the mandatory part of the pension – insurance – can be viewed on the official Internet portal of the Social Fund of Russia (SFR), calculate via pension calculator at “Gosuslugi” or independently according to a special formula. Both of these are conditional. Accurate data can only be provided to the SFR in person.

On old age pension included permanent payment (from January 1, 2023 – 7567.33 rubles), and the product of all scores, accumulated during employmentand their government-set “price”. The cost of one IPC unit is indexed once a year, in the current year it is RUB 123.76.

How to earn Retirement Points

IPK – This sum of all points accumulated by a citizen during his working life. Its value depends on the amount of tax deductions paid by the employer. The insurance period of an employee includes not only the time when he was directly engaged in labor activity, but also other periods of his life. For example, when an employee goes on parental leave (up to one and a half years):

• for the firstborn, 1.8 coefficients are required;
• for the next child – 3.6;
• for the third and further – 5.4.

Also, the IPC increases when caring for a disabled person of group I or the elderly, urgent and contract service in the army (1.8 points for a full year).

Is it possible to buy the missing experience and points

If, upon reaching the required age, the insurance period is not enough or the IPC is below the required threshold, then there are two ways to solve the problem. The first and most obvious is to continue official employment. The other is to buy the missing “components” of the future insurance pension. In this case, the citizen should not be employed.

For the SFR to count one additional year of service (1.076 points will also be added to it by default), it is necessary to pay 36,669.6 rubles. This is currently the minimum payment. For the self-employed, it is 34,445 rubles.

Important! It is impossible to “buy in bulk” work experience, since the following rule applies: a year of experience is allowed to buy only once every 12 months. In addition, the law makes it possible to add no more than 50% of the missing experience for money.

If at the same time there are not enough points, then once a year, together with the experience of IPK can be increased immediately by 8.52 points. Such a service will cost 293,354.8 rubles.

Who retires early

Different categories of citizens have the opportunity to start a well-deserved rest before reaching the generally established retirement age. In particular, mothers of many children:

• at 57 years old – those who have three children (15 IPC is required);
• at 56 years old – four children;
• at the age of 50 – from five children, as well as those who, with a total experience of 20 years, have worked for more than 12 years in the regions of the Far North.

ahead of schedule go out a father (at 55 years of age with 20 years of service) or a mother (at 50 years of age with 15 years of age) of a disabled child, his guardian (in this case, for every year and 6 months of guardianship, the retirement age is reduced by a year, but not more than than 5 years in total), a disabled person due to a military injury (at 55 and 50 years old at 25 and 20), midgets and disproportionate dwarfs (at 45 and 40 years old at 20 and 15), a citizen who has worked in the Far North for at least 15 years old (at 60 and 55 years old at 25 and 20), fishermen, reindeer herders and hunters (at 50 and 45 years at 25 and 20), workers in hazardous industries and working in difficult and dangerous conditions. For the latter, the retirement age remained former.

ahead of schedule You can start receiving payments for other reasons, for example, for health reasons. This right is also pre-pensioners who have not been able to get a job with the help of employment centers for two years.

Who are pre-pensioners

Retirement age begins five years prior to the commencement of the old-age insurance pension. This age category appeared along with the reform in 2019. It is designed to mitigate the negative consequences of the “postponement” of a well-deserved rest for those who were already close to it, and to preserve part of the social guarantees.

In addition to the right to early retirement, prepensioners also:

• receive increased unemployment benefits (for three months in the amount of 75% of average earnings, then for another three months – 60%, after – 45%);
• protected from unjustified dismissal, as well as refusal to hire;
• have tax benefits (do not pay property tax, receive a deduction for land);
• receive a guaranteed share in the inheritance, even if they are not included in the will;
• can arrange the payment of the funded part of the pension before the appointment of the insurance.

Pensions in new regions

In the annexed subjects of Russia the grounds for old-age pensions have varied until recently. For example, in the Lugansk and Donetsk People’s Republics, women began to receive payments at 55 years old, men 5 years later – at 60. At the same time, in the regions that were part of Ukraine – Kherson and Zaporozhye – both sexes did this at 60 years old.

In February of this year, to establish uniformity, it was adopted law on the peculiarities of pension and additional social security for citizens of the Russian Federation living in new Russian regions, which entered into force on March 1.

Within the framework of this document, the pensions of the residents of these territories will be recalculated according to Russian standards. The transition from one age to another will be introduced until the end of 2032. Until then, local residents will be eligible for regional surcharges. According to preliminary estimates of the Ministry of Labor, the procedure will affect more than 1.5 million people.

“Rural” allowance: who receives an additional pension payment

rural dwellers, who have worked in agriculture over 30 years are entitled to a special allowance: the fixed payment to the insurance part of their pension is increased by 25%. When offsetting the length of service to receive a “rural” allowance until 1992, any work performed in Soviet times (in collective farms, state farms, peasant farms, artels and MTS, regardless of the name of the profession and what position the employee held) is taken into account. Since 1992, only employment in crop and livestock production has been considered.

Since 2022, the “rural” allowance has been maintained, even if a citizen has already moved to the city after its appointment. Also, the payment will not disappear if the status of the settlement has changed from rural to urban.

Arkady Komarov